Space < > Space Transportation
This is the eighth installment of our SpaceFund Reality (SFR) rating. The focus of this SFR is a sub-sector of the Transportation category, specifically space to space transportation. In this category, the other sub-sectors being tracked by SpaceFund are Earth < > Space (launch), Space < > Other Worlds (landers), and Planetary Surface (rovers). The in-space transportation sub-sector has seen rapid growth in recent years as more and more satellites are being launched, many of them requiring access to unique orbits or wishing to extend their operational lifetimes with on board propulsion. Along with tow trucks, tugboats, or long-haul Solar System level transports, new space to space transportation businesses are the precursors of what we believe will become one of the major legs of space industrial development.
To paraphrase the great Robert Heinlein: “A hundred miles up and you’re halfway to anywhere.” Note the term “halfway.” Once SpaceX’s Starship, Blue Origin’s New Glenn, Rocket Lab’s Neutron, Radian’s spaceplane, or another spaceship gets you out of Earth’s gravity well, you may need another ride to get you to your final destination. Whether your payload is a satellite, a probe, or humans, efficiently moving things around in space is one of the next significant challenges for us to open the Frontier.
There are two tables below: the first shows the companies tackling in-space propulsion, while the second shows companies building spacecraft and deployment capabilities for in-space transportation. Each company is assigned an SFR rating based on our analysis, publicly available data, and expert insights.
If you haven’t already, please consult our SpaceFund Reality (SFR) ratings page to learn more about the rating, its purpose, and the underlying formula, as well as to view a complete list of the SpaceFund sectors of interest.
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Important Note (Companies not Products): This database, and the SpaceFund Reality ratings, are based on COMPANIES, not specific products or technologies.
How to Provide Updated Data
Have we missed your company? Do you feel that your company should have a different rating? Is the listed data inaccurate or outdated? Do you see missing data for your company? The best way to update your information in this database is to reach out to us directly to provide additional information about your technology, management team, funding history, and company progress. We are also eager to learn about any additional data sources that can help us in our ongoing research, so please feel free to share any resources you know of with our team.
Updates will be published as new information becomes available.
SpaceFund Reality (SFR) Rating
Space < > Space Transportation Database
Last Update: 12 October 2022
In-Space Propulsion
| wdt_ID | Company | SFR | Category | Technology | Propellant | Funding ($M) | ISP (s) | Thrust (N) | T:P Ratio (mN/kW) | Specific Thrust (N/kg) | Country | HQ Location | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 233 | Aerojet Rocketdyne | 9 | Chemical; Electric | Arcjet; Gridded Ion; Hall Effect; Liquid (Bi-Propellant); Liquid (Monoprop) | Various | Public | 2,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | El Segundo, CA | Leader in technologies such as electric propulsion, traditional chemical thrusters, and thrusters using non-toxic propellants |
| 230 | ArianeGroup | 9 | Chemical; Electric | Gridded Ion; Liquid (Bi-Propellant), Liquid (Monoprop) | Hydrazine, MMH + MON-1; Xenon | Joint Venture | 3,500.00 | 0.17 | 68.40 | 0.00 | France | Paris | Developing high-performance propulsion solutions for satellites and other spacecraft |
| 229 | Astra | 9 | Electric | Hall Effect | Krypton, Xenon | Public | 1,800.00 | 0.06 | 41.38 | 0.01 | United States | Alameda, CA | Developing the ASE family of Hall effect propulsion systems |
| 235 | Bradford | 9 | Chemical; Electric | Liquid (Monoprop); Resistojet | LMP-103S; Water | - | 185.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | Netherlands | Heerle | Developing and manufacturing satellite propulsion sub-systems and components |
| 236 | Busek | 9 | Chemical; Electric | Electrospray; Hall Effect; Liquid (Monoprop); Plasma; Resistojet | Various | - | 3,060.00 | 0.45 | 0.00 | 0.02 | USA | Natick, MA | Engaged in applied research, hardware development and speciality manufacturing in space propulsion |
| 237 | Dawn Aerospace | 9 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant) | Nitrous + Propene | - | 285.00 | 20.00 | 714.29 | 32.79 | New Zealand | Christchurch | Developing customized propulsion systems for small satellites and cubesats |
| 238 | IHI Aerospace | 9 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant), Liquid (Monoprop) | Hydrazine, MMH + MON-3 | - | 329.00 | 450.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Japan | Tokyo | Manufacturing monopropellant and bipropellant thrusters for spacecraft |
| 239 | L3 Harris | 9 | Electric | Gridded Ion | Xenon | Public | 3,550.00 | 0.17 | 29.41 | 0.01 | USA | Torrance, CA | A world leader in the development and production of Xenon Ion Propulsion Systems (XIPS) |
| 240 | Benchmark Space Systems | 8 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant) | HTP + Butane | 4.64 | 320.00 | 22.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Burlington, VT | Offering scalable thruster designs with additively manufactured core components |
| 241 | NanoAvionics | 8 | Chemical | Liquid (Monoprop) | Ammonium Dinitramide | - | 213.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.83 | USA | Midland, TX | Offering a high-performance and environment-friendly CubeSat propulsion system |
| 242 | Accion Systems | 7 | Electric | Electrospray | Ionic liquid salt | 65.5 | 1,650.00 | 0.00 | 22.50 | 0.00 | USA | Boston, MA | Pioneering scalable electric propulsion technology to transform what spacecraft can do in and beyond Earth's orbit |
| 243 | Enpulsion | 7 | Electric | FEEP | Indium | 1.4 | 6,000.00 | 0.00 | 11.25 | 0.00 | Austria | Wiener Neustadt | Developing high-performance electric propulsion technology |
| 244 | Exotrail | 7 | Electric | Hall Effect | Xenon | 20.11 | 1,000.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | France | Palaiseau | Providing advanced electric propulsion solutions for small satellites |
| 245 | Pale Blue | 7 | Electric | Plasma, Resistojet | Water | 4.94 | 968.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Japan | Kashiwa | Introducing a way to power spacecraft using the world's safest and most abundant element, water |
| 246 | Phase Four | 7 | Electric | Plasma | Xenon | 46 | 800.00 | 0.01 | 20.00 | 0.00 | USA | El Segundo, CA | Developing innovative, cost effective plasma propulsion technology |
| 247 | Sierra Space | 7 | Chemical | Hybrid (Hypergolic) | - | 1400 | 0.00 | 4,450.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Louisville, CO | Developing the VORTEX engines for in-space orbit transfer and maneuvering |
| 248 | Stellar Exploration | 7 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant); Liquid (Monoprop) | Hydrazine + NTO | - | 300.00 | 5.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | USA | San Luis Obispo, CA | Developing systems for missions with demanding propulsion requirements |
| 249 | Tethers Unlimited | 7 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant) | LOX + LH2 | - | 310.00 | 1.20 | 48,000.00 | 0.44 | USA | Bothell, WA | Offering the modular and scalable HYDROS thruster system |
| 250 | AGILE Space Industries | 6 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant) | MMH + MON25 | 4.83 | 303.00 | 45.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Durango, CO | Tailoring bespoke propulsion solutions based on customer mission requirements |
| 251 | ExoTerra | 6 | Electric | Hall Effect | Krypton, Xenon | 1.5 | 1,500.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.05 | USA | Littleton, CO | Developing affordable, high-efficiency propulsion technologies |
| 252 | Hyperion Technologies (AAC Clyde Space) | 6 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant) | Nitrous + Propene | - | 285.00 | 0.50 | 41,666.67 | 0.35 | Netherlands | Delft | Offering high thrust propulsion capabilities for cubesat platforms |
| 253 | Mars Space | 6 | Electric | Gridded Ion; Plasma; Resistojet | Xenon | - | 80.00 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.80 | United Kingdom | Southampton, England | Providing innovative solutions in space and plasma technology |
| 254 | Morpheus Space | 6 | Electric | FEEP | Gallium | 28 | 8,500.00 | 0.00 | 6.32 | 0.00 | Germany | Dresden | Offering groundbreaking spacecraft electric propulsion systems |
| 255 | Orbion | 6 | Electric | Hall Effect | Xenon | 30.56 | 1,370.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Houghton, MI | Building high-performance Hall-effect propulsion systems to power small satellites |
| 256 | ThrustMe | 6 | Electric | Gridded Ion | Iodine | 2 | 2,400.00 | 0.00 | 16.92 | 0.00 | France | Verrieres le Buisson | Offering a portfolio of high-end space propulsion systems |
| 257 | AVS | 5 | Electric | Electrospray; Plasma | Krypton, Xenon | 1 | 7,500.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | Spain | Elgoibar | Developing bespoke propulsion solutions for space applications |
| 258 | Digital Solid State Propulsion | 5 | Chemical | Solid Motor | AP/HTPB | - | 235.00 | 187.00 | 0.00 | 406.96 | USA | Reno, NV | Offering the CDM-1 motor for single delta-V maneuvers |
| 259 | Flight Control Propulsion | 5 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant) | NTD + UDMH | - | 316.00 | 2,450.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Ukraine | Dnipro | Building well-proven space technologies to provide affordable and reliable in-space transportation |
| 260 | Frontier Aerospace | 5 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant) | - | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Simi Valley, CA | Providing innovative, low-cost liquid propulsion technologies to make in-space transportation a reality |
| 261 | General Atomics | 5 | Nuclear | NTP | - | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | San Diego, CA | Developing nuclear propulsion systems as part of DARPA's DRACO program |
| 262 | Impulse Space Propulsion | 5 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant) | Nitrous + Ethane | 30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Long Beach, CA | Providing agile, economical capabilities to access any orbit |
| 263 | Parabilis Space Technologies | 5 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant) | LOX + Methane | - | 0.00 | 885.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | San Marcos, CA | Building solutions for satellite and simple propulsion |
| 264 | T4i | 5 | Electric | Plasma | Iodine | - | 650.00 | 0.00 | 10.83 | 0.00 | Italy | Padua | Developing innovative engines to serve small satellite platforms |
| 265 | URA Thrusters | 5 | Chemical; Electric | Liquid (Bi-Propellant); Plasma | Water | 1.5 | 320.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | United Kingdom | Aylesbury | Providing water-based propulsion solutions for all types of spacecraft and mission needs |
| 266 | Ad Astra Rocket Company | 4 | Electric | Plasma | Argon | - | 5,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Webster, TX | Developing an advanced plasma propulsion system for the emerging in-space transportation market |
| 267 | Aurora | 4 | Electric | Resistojet | Water | 2 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 200.00 | 0.01 | Finland | Espoo | Creating scalable solutions for small spacecraft movement and lifecycle control |
| 268 | Bellatrix Aerospace | 4 | Electric | Hall Effect | Xenon | 11 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | India | Bangalore | Developing advanced electric propulsion systems for satellites |
| 269 | LMO | 4 | Chemical | Chemical | - | - | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Luxembourg | Esch-Belval | Developing precision maneuvering technologies for in-space operations |
| 270 | Magdrive | 4 | Electric | Plasma | Solid metal | 1.99 | 5,000.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.13 | United Kingdom | Didcot, England | Developing a revolutionary plasma thruster for the new space age |
| 271 | Neutron Star Systems | 4 | Electric | Plasma | Argon, Ammonia, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Lithium | 0.47 | 8,000.00 | 50.00 | 50.00 | 0.07 | Germany | Cologne | Commercializing a unique and first-of-its-kind high-temperature superconductor-based applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic propulsion system |
| 272 | SETS | 4 | Electric | Hall Effect | Xenon | - | 1,850.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Ukraine | Dnipro | Developing electric propulsion systems for spacecraft |
| 273 | SteamJet Space Systems | 4 | Electric | Resistojet | Water | - | 163.00 | 0.01 | 300.00 | 0.01 | United Kingdom | Ashford, England | Developing safe, compact, and affordabe water-based propulsion systems |
| 274 | USNC-Tech | 4 | Nuclear | NTP | LH2; NH3 | - | 900.00 | 110,000.00 | 440.00 | 0.00 | USA | Seattle, WA | Designing a new propulsion concept to facilitate rapid transportation to the Moon and Mars |
| 275 | Alamedia Applied Sciences | 3 | Electric | Plasma | Solid metal | - | 1,773.00 | 0.00 | 12.03 | 0.00 | USA | Oakland, CA | Introducing MPT, a new class of electric propulsion |
| 276 | Aliena | 3 | Electric | Hall Effect | Xenon | 1.1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Singapore | Singapore | Providing ultra-low power electric propulsion systems for small satellite platforms |
| 277 | Arkadia Space | 3 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant), Liquid (Monoprop) | - | 0.00 | 400.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Spain | Benlloch | Developing and selling propulsion systems to enable mobility in space | |
| 278 | Froberg Aerospace | 3 | Multi-Mode | Electrospray, Liquid (Monoprop) | Ionic liquid | - | 800.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Champaign, IL | Developing paradigm shifting multi-mode propulsion systems for small satellites |
| 279 | Howe Industries | 3 | Other | Plasma | - | - | 5,000.00 | 100,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Scottsdale, AZ | Investigating a pulsed plasma rocket (PPR) system to enable fast transit to Mars |
| 280 | Hypernova | 3 | Electric | Plasma | Solid metal | 0.4 | 500.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | South Africa | Cape Town | Building electric propulsion for small satellites |
| 281 | ienai Space | 3 | Electric | Electrospray | - | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Spain | Madrid | Developing the Tailored Taylor thrusters |
| 282 | Intersetllar | 3 | Nuclear | NTP | LH2 | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Huntsville, AL | Developing advanced rocket engines for in-space vehicles |
| 283 | Manastu Space | 3 | Chemical | Liquid (Monoprop) | Hydrogen Peroxide | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | India | Thane | Developing green propulsion technologies |
| 284 | Miles Space | 3 | Electric | Plasma | Iodine, Water | - | 3,500.00 | 0.00 | 436.36 | 0.00 | USA | Tampa, FL | Developing ConstantQ, an innovative hybrid electrostatic thruster |
| 285 | Miprons | 3 | Chemical | - | - | - | 350.00 | 20.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Italy | Segni | Developing the smalles, most powerful and versatile space propulsion system |
| 286 | Neumann Space | 3 | Electric | Pulsed Cathodic Arc | Various | 1.4 | 10,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Australia | Adelaide, South Australia | Commercializing the revolutionary Neumann Thruster |
| 287 | NewRocket | 3 | Chemical | Hybrid (Hypergolic) | PowerGel | 1 | 300.00 | 400.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | Israel | Netanya | Developing an engine for precision maneuverability and powerful performance in space |
| 288 | Prime Lightworks | 3 | Electric | Other | None | 1.8 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Torrance, CA | Engineering breakthrough electric propulsion systems for satellites |
| 289 | Princeton Satellite Systems | 3 | Nuclear | Direct Nuclear | - | - | 20,000.00 | 20.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Plainsboro, NJ | Developing the Direct Fusion Drive, a revolutionary direct-drive, fusion-powered rocket engine |
| 290 | Pulsar Fusion | 3 | Electric; Nuclear | Direct Nuclear; Hall Effect | Argon, Krypton | - | 3,000.00 | 0.30 | 60.00 | 0.00 | United Kingdom | Oxfordshire, England | Developing the PLSR orbital satellite engine and direct fusion drive engine |
| 291 | Zenno Astronautics | 3 | Electric | Other | None | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | New Zealand | Aukland | Developing a paradigm shifting system for small satellite propulsion |
| 292 | AB 360 | 2 | Multi-Mode | Plasma, Liquid (Bi-Propellant) | LOX + Methane | - | 0.00 | 80.00 | 800.00 | 0.00 | USA | Washington, D.C. | Developing large satellite liquid-electric propulsion systems |
| 293 | Applied Ion Systems | 2 | Electric | Electrospray; Plasma | Teflon; Iodine | - | 4,500.00 | 0.00 | 30.00 | 0.00 | USA | Troy, NY | Advancing the field of electric propulsion through a unique approach towards design, engineering, and accessibility |
| 294 | Helicity Space | 2 | Nuclear | Direct Nuclear | - | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Berkeley, CA | Developing critical propulsion technology necessary to enable humanity's expansion into the solar system |
| 295 | Nimble Aerospace | 2 | Chemical | Liquid (Monoprop) | Hydrogen Peroxide | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Pleasanton, CA | Developing propulsion solutions that offer previously inaccessible levels of maneuverability and operational flexibility |
| 296 | Phantom Space | 2 | Chemical; Electric | Liquid (Monoprop); Plasma | Solid metal | - | 3,500.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Tucson, AZ | Developing in-space propulsion systems |
| 297 | Positron Dynamics | 2 | Other | Antimatter | - | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Livermore, CA | Creating a rocket engine based on positrons, the anti-electron particle |
| 298 | Reach Space Technologies | 2 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant) | LOX + LH2 | - | 460.00 | 222,400.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Seattle, WA | Developing commercial in-space propulsion to power the New Space industry |
| 299 | Seran Systems | 2 | Electric | Hall Effect | - | - | 1,800.00 | 0.08 | 61.54 | 0.00 | Italy | Salerno | Engaged in the development and implementation of electric propulsion systems for spacecraft |
| 300 | SPARC Industries | 2 | Electric | Plasma | Krypton | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Luxembourg | Foetz | Developing a novel plasma satellite thruster |
| 301 | Starwell | 2 | Electric | Plasma | Various | - | 4,000.00 | 0.01 | 21.62 | 0.00 | Russia | - | Developing an electric propulsion solution for small satellite missions |
| 302 | Valiant Space | 2 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant) | - | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Australia | Brisbane, Queensland | Developing propulsion technologies to propel the next generation of spacecraft to and from the surface of the Moon |
| 303 | Cannae | 1 | Electric | Other | None | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Philadelphia, PA | Commercializing proprietary propulsion technology requiring no on-board propellant to generate thrust |
| 304 | Dark Fission Space Systems | 1 | Nuclear | NTP | - | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | - | Developing the first commercially available nuclear thermal rocket engine |
| 305 | Field Propulsion Technologies | 1 | Electric | Other | None | - | 0.00 | 0.15 | 75.00 | 0.00 | USA | Aurora, CO | Developing the Scalar Drive, a propellant-less thruster for spacecraft |
| 306 | Hbar Technologies | 1 | Other | Antimatter | - | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | West Chicago, IL | Researching a deep-space propulsion system for scientific missions to the edge of the solar system and beyond |
| 307 | InterCosmos | 1 | Chemical | - | - | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | India | Chennai, Tamil Nadu | Engineering highly efficient and non-toxic propulsion systems |
| 308 | Quantum Dynamics | 1 | Electric | Other | None | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | USA | Alpharetta, GA | Developing the Centrifugal Impulse Drive (CID), an inertia impulse propulsion engine |
| 309 | Space T Tech | 1 | Electric | - | - | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | United Kingdom | Rainham, England | Developing a new electric propulsion system for satellites, spacecraft, and space drones |
| 310 | VRD Space | 1 | Electric | Other | None | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Ukraine | Dnipro | Developing a propulsion systems that harnesses the cosmic vacuum |
| 311 | Dirac Drives | 0 | Other | Antimatter | - | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | United Kingdom | Cambridge, England | Harnessing the power of negative mass to create propulsion without propellant |
| 232 | Moog | 9 | Chemical | Liquid (Bi-Propellant); Liquid (Monoprop) | Hydrazine | Public | 234.00 | 445.00 | 0.00 | 278.13 | USA | Elma, NY | Offering a wide range of chemical thrusters for several spacecraft applications |
| 228 | QinetiQ | 9 | Electric | Gridded Ion | Xenon | Public | 4,000.00 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.02 | United Kingdom | Farnborough, England | Offering low cost and high powered electric propulsion systems |
| 234 | Safran | 9 | Electric | Hall Effect | Xenon | Public | 1,660.00 | 0.09 | 60.00 | 0.02 | France | Paris | Developing a wide range of electric thrusters and propulsion systems for space probes and satellites |
| 231 | SITAEL | 9 | Electric | Arcjet; FEEP; Hall Effect; Resistojet | Argon; Krypton; Xenon | - | 2,850.00 | 0.35 | 46.67 | 0.00 | Italy | Mola di Bari | Developing electric propulsion systems based on innovative proprietary technologies |
| 227 | VACCO | 9 | Chemical | Liquid (Monoprop) | Various | - | 214.00 | 3.97 | 79,400.00 | 0.27 | USA | El Monte, CA | Providing a variety of high-performance cold gas, warm gas and green monopropellant CubeSat propulsion systems |
| Company | SFR | Category | Technology | Propellant | Funding ($M) | ISP (s) | Thrust (N) | T:P Ratio (mN/kW) | Specific Thrust (N/kg) | Country | HQ Location | Description |
SpaceFund Reality (SFR) Rating
Space < > Space Transportation Database
Last Update: 12 October 2022
Spacecraft and Deployment
| wdt_ID | Company | SFR | Propulsion Type | Tech Type | Application | Funding ($M) | Delta-V (m/s) | Power (kW) | Payload (kg) | Country | HQ Location | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 47 | Airbus | 9 | Chemical; Electric | Exploration | Deep Space | Public | - | - | - | Spain | Madrid | Developing technology to provide transportation to planets, moons and comets |
| 48 | Lockheed Martin | 9 | Chemical | Crew Capsule | Moon, Deep Space | Public | - | 11.2 | - | USA | Littleton, CO | Developing the Orion spaecraft to take humans deep into space |
| 49 | NanoRacks | 9 | - | Deployment | Earth Orbit | - | - | - | 90 | USA | Webster, TX | Deploying cubesats and microsats into Low-Earth Orbit |
| 50 | Northrop Grumman | 9 | Chemical | Cargo | Earth Orbit | Public | - | 4 | 3,000 | USA | Falls Church, VA | Operating the Cygnus spacecraft to carry crew supplies, spare equipment and scientific experiments to the space station |
| 51 | Rocket Lab | 9 | Chemical | Exploration; OTV | Earth Orbit, Moon, Deep Space | Public | 3,200 | 0.25 | 20 | USA | Long Beach, CA | Using the Photon family of spacecraft to offer unique mission capabilities |
| 52 | Spaceflight | 9 | Chemical; Electric | OTV | Earth Orbit | Public | 2,500 | 0.5 | 250 | USA | Seattle, WA | Providing a complete in-space transportation service via the Sherpa Program |
| 53 | SpaceX | 9 | Chemical | Cargo; Crew Capsule | Earth Orbit | - | - | 4 | 6,000 | USA | Hawthorne, CA | Sending humans and cargo into space with Dragon |
| 54 | Boeing | 8 | Chemical | Crew Capsule | Earth Orbit | Public | - | - | - | USA | Titusville, FL | Developing the Crew Space Transportation (CST)-100 Starliner spacecraft |
| 55 | D-Orbit | 8 | - | Deployment; OTV | Earth Orbit | 27.8 | - | - | - | Italy | Fino Mornasco | Offering a unique deployment service to place satellites into precise, independent orbital slots |
| 56 | Bradford | 7 | Chemical | Exploration; OTV | Earth Orbit, Deep Space | - | - | 0.65 | 300 | Netherlands | Heerle | Developing Square Rocket, a rideshare-compatible spacecraft for space-to-space transport |
| 57 | Exolaunch | 7 | Chemical; Electric | Deployment; OTV | Earth Orbit | - | - | - | - | Germany | Berlin | Transporting satellites to custom orbits in an environmentally responsible way |
| 58 | Moog | 7 | Electric | OTV | Earth Orbit | Public | 6,000 | 40 | 5,000 | USA | East Aurora, NY | Building a family of Orbital Maneuvering Vehicles (OMV) |
| 59 | Launcher | 6 | Chemical | OTV | Earth Orbit | 14.9 | 500 | - | 400 | USA | Hawthorne, CA | Developing the Orbiter universal orbital transfer vehicle and satellite platform |
| 60 | Atomos | 5 | Electric | Tug | Earth Orbit | 5.88 | - | - | - | USA | Denver, CO | Deploying reusable space tugs with ubiquitous rendezvous operations |
| 61 | Exotrail | 5 | Electric | OTV | Earth Orbit | 20.11 | - | - | - | France | Massy | Providing last-mile services for 10 or more nanosatellites |
| 62 | Firefly Aerospace | 5 | Electric | OTV | Earth Orbit | 98.16 | - | 2 | 600 | USA | Cedar Park, TX | Developing the Space Utility Vehicle to satisfy a wide variety of mission architectures |
| 63 | Momentus | 5 | Checmical | OTV | Earth Orbit | Public | 2,000 | 1 | 750 | USA | Santa Clara, CA | Offering last-mile in-space delivery |
| 64 | Xplore | 5 | Electric | Exploration | Earth Orbit, Moon, Deep Space | - | 3,500 | 1.1 | 70 | USA | Seattle, WA | Offering space exploration beyond Earth orbit as a service |
| 65 | Skyrora | 4 | Chemical | OTV | Earth Orbit | 4.85 | - | - | - | United Kingdom | Edinburgh, Scotland | Deploying multiple payloads into their chosen orbits from the same launch |
| 66 | Starfish Space | 4 | - | Tug | Earth Orbit | 7.5 | - | - | - | USA | Kent, WA | Developing the Otter space tug to provide in-space transportation services |
| 67 | Bellatrix Aerospace | 3 | Electric | OTV | Earth Orbit | 3 | - | - | - | India | Bangalore | Developing a vehicle for in-space transportation services |
| 68 | Epic Aerospace | 3 | Chemical | Tug | Earth Orbit | 0.15 | 100 | - | 150 | USA | San Francisco, CA | Developing inexpensive space tugs to enable a space-transportation network |
| 69 | Lúnasa Space | 3 | - | OTV | Earth Orbit | - | - | - | 220 | United Kingdom | London, England | Developing VIA, a highly cost-effective and reliable Orbital Transfer Vehicle |
| 70 | Space Machines Company | 3 | Chemical; Electric | Exploration; OTV | Earth Orbit, Moon, Deep Space | - | - | - | 500 | Australia | Adelaide, South Australia | Offering in-space transportation services that scale with customer mission objectives |
| 71 | The Exploration Company | 3 | Chemical | Cargo; Crew Capsule | Earth Orbit, Moon | - | - | - | - | Germany | Gilching | Developing a modular and reusable orbital vehicle that can eventually be refuelled in orbit |
| 72 | UARX | 3 | Chemical; Electric | Deployment; OTV | Earth Orbit, Moon, Deep Space | - | - | - | 400 | Spain | Nigrán | Developing in-space transportation services from LEO, to the Moon, and beyond |
| 73 | Plasmos | 2 | Hybrid | Tug | Earth Orbit | - | - | - | 1,600 | USA | Boulder, CO | Developing the SpaceTruck tug to move payloads from LEO to MEO/GEO |
| 74 | Turion Space | 2 | Electric | Tug | Earth Orbit | - | - | - | - | USA | Irvine, CA | Providing last-mile orbit delivery using a reusable tug platform |
| 75 | Cislunar Space Development Company | 1 | - | Tug | Earth Orbit, Moon | - | - | - | 3,000 | USA | Annandale, VA | Developing reusable & refuelable space tugs to move satellites, cargo, and fuel |
| Company | SFR | Propulsion Type | Tech Type | Application | Funding ($M) | Delta-V (m/s) | Power (kW) | Payload (kg) | Country | HQ Location | Description |
SpaceFund Sectors of Interest
SpaceFund is interested in a number of sectors of the space economy, specifically Transportation, Communication, Human Factors, Supplies, and Energy. In the coming months we will post SFR ratings for companies from all of these sectors, providing a robust overview of the state of frontier-enabling companies across the industry. Please check back frequently to view new sub-sector databases, and sign up to receive our emails to be notified of each new release.
Click on the black buttons below to view the available SFR databases.